For each managed product, including mutual funds, variable annuity and variable life subaccounts, exchange-traded funds, closed-end funds, and separate accounts, with at least a 3-year history, Morningstar calculates a Morningstar Rating™ based on a Morningstar Risk-Adjusted Return that accounts for variation in a fund’s monthly excess performance, placing more emphasis on downward variations and rewarding consistent performance. Exchange-traded funds and open-end mutual funds are considered a single population for comparative purposes. The top 10.0% of funds in each category, the next 22.5%, 35.0%, 22.5%, and bottom 10.0% receive 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 star(s), respectively. The overall Morningstar Rating for a managed product is derived from a weighted average of the performance figures associated with its 3-, 5-, and 10-year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics. The rating formula most heavily weights the 3-year rating, using the following calculation: 100% 3-year rating for 36 to 59 months of total returns, 60% 5-year rating/40% 3-year rating for 60 to 119 months of total returns, and 50% 10-year rating/30% 5-year rating/20% 3-year rating for 120 or more months of total returns. Star ratings do not reflect the effect of any applicable sales load. Hollow stars indicate Morningstar’s extended performance rating. Morningstar’s extended performance rating is calculated by adjusting the historical total returns of the oldest share class to reflect the fee structure of a younger share class, and then compounding the combined record of actual and adjusted performance into the 3-, 5-, and 10-year time periods necessary to produce Morningstar Risk-Adjusted Returns and a Morningstar Rating. Extended performance ratings do not affect actual Morningstar ratings; the overall ratings for multi-share class funds are based on actual performance only or extended performance only. Once a share class turns 3 years old, the overall Morningstar Rating will be based on actual ratings only. Adjusted historical performance is only an approximation of actual returns, and Morningstar’s calculation methodology may differ from those used by other entities.